The Rape of the Lock

Rape of the Lock: Canto 1

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Canto 1

What dire Offence from am'rous Causes springs,
What mighty Contests rise from trivial Things,
I sing-This verse to CARYL, Muse! is due;
This, ev'n Belinda may vouchsafe to view:
Slight is the Subject, but not so the Praise,
If She inspire, and He approve, my Lays.

Say what strange Motive, Goddess! cou'd compel
A well-bred Lord t'assault a gentle Belle?
Oh say what stranger Cause, yet unexplor'd,
Cou'd make a gentle Belle reject a Lord?
In tasks so bold, can little Men engage,
And in soft Bosoms, dwell such mighty Rage?

Sol through white Curtains shot a tim'rous Ray,
And ope'd those Eyes that must eclipse the Day:
Now Lap-dogs give themselves the rouzing Shake,
And sleepless Lovers, just at Twelve, awake:
Thrice rung the Bell, the Slipper knock'd the Ground,
And the press'd Watch return'd a silver sound,
Belinda still her downy Pillow prest,
Her guardian Sylph prolng'd the balmy rest.
'Twas he had summon'd to her silent Bed
The Morning Dream that hover'd o'er her Head.    The Dream (Beardsley)
A Youth more glitt'ring than a Birth-night Beau
(That ev'n in slumber caus'd her Cheek to glow)     The Dream (Du Guernier)
Seem'd to her Ear his winning Lips to lay,
And thus in Whispers said, or seemed to say.      The Dream...(Fuseli)

Fairest of Mortals, thou distinguish'd Care
Of thousand bright Inhabitants of Air!
If e'er one Vision touch'd thy infant Thought,
Of all the Nurse and all the Priest have taught,
Of airy Elves by Moonlight Shadows seen,
The silver Token, and the Circled Green,
Or Virgins visited by Angel-powers
With Golden Crowns and Wreaths of heav'nly Flow'rs;
Hear and believe! thy own Importance know,
Nor bound thy narrow Views to things below.
Some secret Truths, from Learned Pride conceal'd,
To Maids alone and Children are reveal'd:
What tho' no Credit doubting Wits may give?
The Fair and Innocent shall still believe.
Know then, unnumber'd Spirits round thee fly,
The light Militia of the lower sky:
These, tho' unseen, are ever on the Wing,
Hang o'er the Box, and hover round the Ring.
Think what an Equipage thou hast in Air,
And view with scorn Two Pages and a Chair.
As now your own, our Beings were of old,
And once inclos'd in Woman's beauteous Mold;
Thence, by a soft Transition, we repair
From earthly Vehicles to these of Air.
Think not, when Woman's transient Breath is fled,
That all her Vanities at once are dead.
Succeeding Vanities she still regards,
And tho' she plays no more, o'erlooks the Cards.
Her Joy in gilded Chariots, when alive,
And love of Ombre, after Death survive.
For when the Fair in all their Pride expire,
To their first Elements the Souls retire:
The Sprites of fiery Termagants in Flame
Mount up, and take a Salamander's name.
Soft yielding Minds to Water glide away,
And sip, with Nymphs, their elemental Tea.
The graver Prude sinks downward to a Gnome,
In search of Mischief still on Earth to roam.
The light Coquettes in Sylphs aloft repair,
And sport and flutter in the Fields of Air.

Know further yet; Whoever fair and chaste
Rejects Mankind, is by some Sylph embrac'd:
For Spirits, freed from mortal Laws, with ease
Assume what Sexes and what Shapes they please.
What guards the Purity of melting Maids,
In Courtly Balls, and Midnight Masquerades,
Safe from the treach'rous Friend, the daring Spark,
The Glance by Day, the Whisper in the Dark;
When kind Occasion prompts their warm Desires,
When Music softens, and when Dancing fires?
'Tis but their Sylph, the wise Celestials know,
Tho' Honour is the Word with Men below.

Some Nymphs there are, too conscious of their Face,
For Life predestin'd to the Gnomes' Embrace.
Who swell their Prospects and exalt their Pride,
When Offers are disdain'd, and Love deny'd.
Then gay Ideas crowd the vacant Brain,
While Peers and Dukes, and all their sweeping Train,
And Garters, Stars, and Coronets appear,
And in soft sounds, Your Grace salutes their Ear.
'Tis these that early taint the Female Soul,
Instruct the eyes of young Coquettes to roll,
Teach Infant Cheeks a bidden Blush to know,
And little Hearts to flutter at a Beau.

Oft when the World imagine Women stray,
The Sylphs through Mystic mazes guide their Way.
Thro' all the giddy Circle they pursue,
And old Impertinence expel by new.
What tender Maid but must a Victim fall
To one Man's Treat, but for another's Ball?
When Florio speaks, what Virgin could withstand,
If gentle Damon did not squeeze her Hand?
With varying Vanities, from ev'ry Part,
They shift the moving Toyshop of their Heart;
Where Wigs with Wigs, with Sword-knots Sword-knots strive,
Beaux banish Beaux, and Coaches Coaches drive.
This erring Mortals Levity may call,
Oh blind to Truth! the Sylphs contrive it all.

Of these am I, who thy Protection claim,
A watchful Sprite, and Ariel is my name.
Late, as I rang'd the crystal Wilds of Air,
In the clear Mirror of thy ruling Star
I saw, alas! some dread Event impend,
Ere to the Main this morning's Sun descend,
But Heav'n reveals not what, or how, or where:
Warn'd by thy Sylph, oh pious Maid beware!
This to disclose is all thy Guardian can.
Beware of all, but most beware of Man!

He said: when Shock, who thought she slept too long,
Leap'd up, and wak'd his Mistress with his Tongue.
'Twas then, Belinda! if Report say true,
Thy Eyes first open'd on a Billet-doux;     The Billet-doux (Beardsley)
Wounds, Charms, and Ardors, were no sooner read,
But all the Vision vanish'd from thy Head.

And now, unveil'd, the Toilet stands display'd,
Each Silver Vase in mystic Order laid.
First, rob'd in White, the Nymph intent adores
With Head uncover'd, the Cosmetic Pow'rs.
A heav'nly Image in the Glass appears,      The Toilette (Beardsley)
To that she bends, to that her Eyes she rears;
Th' inferior Priestess, at her Altar's side,
Trembling, begins the sacred Rites of Pride.
Unnumber'd Treasures ope at once, and here
The various Off'rings of the World appear;
From each she nicely culls with curious Toil,
And decks the Goddess with the glitt'ring Spoil.
This casket India's glowing Gems unlocks,
And all Arabia breathes from yonder Box.
The Tortoise here and Elephant unite,
Transform'd to Combs, the speckled and the white.
Here Files of Pins extend their shining Rows,
Puffs, Powders, Patches, Bibles, Billet-doux.
Now awful Beauty puts on all its Arms;
The Fair each moment rises in her Charms,
Repairs her Smiles, awakens ev'ry Grace,
And calls forth all the Wonders of her Face;
Sees by Degrees a purer Blush arise,
And keener Lightnings quicken in her Eyes.
The busy Sylphs surround their darling Care;
These set the Head, and those divide the Hair,
Some fold the Sleeve, whilst others plait the Gown;
And Betty's prais'd for labours not her own.

Analysis
 
The opening of the poem begins in a mock epic form by introducing the epic themes of love and war with the lines, “What dire Offence from am’rous Causes springs, What mighty Contests rise from trivial things.” In these two lines Pope conveys the most important theme of this poem. Often trivial things can become enormous if taken too seriously. Pope also conveys that the failure of this society is that this society puts too much gravity and seriousness on these things that ought to be given to more important maters. In the first couplet, Pope conveys that sometimes the smallest of actions can cause great offense and can raise trivial things to important ones.

            Pope mockingly asks what could compel a well-bred Lord to assault a gentle Belle and what a stranger cause could make a Belle reject a Lord. Pope’s tone is a humorous one and in addition he also asks if in tasks so bold can a little man engage and in soft bosoms dwell mighty rage engage. Pope is criticizing the prideful ness and failure of society. Pope portrays the failure and prideful ness of society using mystical and mythical creatures such as sylphs, nymphs, salamanders, and gnomes. However, Pope emphasizes on the Sylphs, which in the poem symbolize the chastity and fairness in women. Sylphs are the guardians of women who “reject man-kind” or in other words remain chaste.

            In the first canto Belinda, also referred to as Belle, is given a dream by her guardian sylph, Ariel. Pope uses this dream to portray the prideful ness of society by using Ariel to exalt Belinda as the Fairest of Mortals, and remaining chaste. Ariel also says that the sylphs protect and embrace the chaste women that “reject Man.” “Man” has many meanings but in this particular verse it means lover, the “Man” is the one that Arial is warning Belle of. Pope also pokes at society by portraying an intricate ritual of dressing up near the end of the poem. Pope uses this “ritual” to indicate that the failure of society was that society put to much importance on trivial things such as looking nice or what people thought of them. Pope also criticizes the fact that values in this society have diminished, and he portrays that with Belinda’s dream. In her dream Ariel subtly insinuates that man corrupt the female soul. Ariel advises against marriage and union and says two have pride in her chastity because sylphs embrace those who are chaste.

Pope is trying to convey that people should marry and not worry about their chastity so long chastity is taken away with marriage. Pope is rather satirical in this poem because he criticizes portrays the sylphs and the dream mockingly. Pope mocks at the failures of his society by writing this poem. Because he intended to cool hot tempers among some families, his poem is satirical mock epic.


"To Err is human, to forgive, divine"
Alexander Pope